Digital Cameras Pixels

Electronics greatest technological breakthrough in this modern age is the digitization of analog signals. Digital information, which is represented by 1s and 0s, is formed after the successful conversion of analog information, which is represented by a wave of fluctuation. This conversion of analog to digital has made the world of science and technology make great advances in the field of computers, Internet, satellites and space research.

In the field consumer, the benefits of technological progress can be witnessed in consumer electronics such as TVs, computers, cameras, camcorders video, CDs, DVDs, etc. Digitization led to the microchip, which can be programmed to perform any task. With the use of the integrated circuit, a digital camera born.

In a digital camera, the lens focuses the image, the shutter allows the entry of light reflecting from that image to the camera, for a fraction of second, and the opening determines the amount of light allowed into the camera. When light enters the camera, it does not fall on a photographic film as it does in a conventional camera, and he falls into an image sensor.

The image sensor is an electronic device, a semiconductor composed of photosites that measures the intensity of light. The photosite only can measure the intensity of light and can not recognize any color. To overcome this, each photosite is covered with a filter of red, or green, or blue color according to a standard known as the Bayer pattern. Since the human eye is sensitive to two times the color green, the number of photosites in a color green is twice the number of photosites be colored red or blue. Millions of photosites are covered by the Bayer Pattern. Each color occupies a single photosite, which is known as one pixel.

The more the number of pixels, the greater the amount of detail that can be captured. The image detail is called resolution, which is determined by the quality the lens and the number of pixels in the image sensor. High-end digital cameras have about 12 million pixels, whereas professional digital cameras have about 20 million pixels.

The information of pixels is recorded as analogue electrical signals, is amplified, and then is fed into a converter, which converts the amplified analog signals into digital binary numbers, with respect to color information of each pixel. These digital binary numbers are then placed in a computer chip residing inside the camera. The computer chip analyzes the digital binary numbers that have been made as the color of individual pixels. This information is known as raw data. For the analysis, the computer chip subjects this RAW data using a technique known as demosaicing.

In this technique (demosaicing), the color of the pixel is determined as the color of neighboring pixels. For example, if a red color pixel is surrounded by green and blue pixels, then the red color pixel is treated as white, since white is a combination of colors, red, blue and green. After demosaicing is complete, the image is still subject to the photographer `s camera settings, such as adjustments for brightness, color saturation, contrast, etc.

High-end digital cameras usually do nothing more than the image so produced. However, professional digital cameras have a sharpening algorithm, which increases the sharpness and clarity of without mosaics and settings adjusted image. Professional digital cameras also have the option to save the image in its RAW data before any demosaicing or adjustments are made by computer chip. This is to give control to professional photographers to make changes to the RAW data as per their own choices.

The image can be saved in a compressed format such as TIFF or a compressed format like JPEG. Uncompressed formats preserve greater information, so the detail picture is much more than a compressed format, where detail is less, as less information is stored. Thus, compressed formats are also known as lossy formats, since details are lost. A compressed format increases the size of the file, while a compressed format reduces the file size. Depending on need, the image can be saved in a compressed or a compressed image format, as bits and bytes on a memory card. The stored image can be seen in the digital camera `s screen as a digital photo.

This digital photography can be downloaded from the digital camera to the computer `s hard, through the serial port or USB or FireWire port or Bluetooth wireless connectivity using Wi-Fi raw data and uncompressed data like TIFF take longer to transfer compressed data, such as JPEG or GIF.

Once the data has been transferred to the computer `s hard disk, any photo editing software can manipulate and adjust it according to the tastes and needs individual photographer. The digital photo can be printed on photographic paper, paper with special coating, or any other paper using a color inkjet printer or laser. Using a plotter, which can be printed in larger sizes, in any other medium, such as canvas, acrylic, vinyl, etc. The digital photo can be stored on a hard drive pen drive or a CD, for archival purposes.

Over time, more and more resources are being put into a digital camera. Today, the recording audio-video is also merged with the ability to capture still image from digital camera, making them small camcorders (camera + recorders).

About the Author:

This article can also be accessed in portuguese language from the News Article section of page www.polomercantil.com.br/camera-digital.php
Roberto Sedycias works as IT consultant for www.PoloMercantil.com.br

Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – The Inside Picture Of A Digital Camera

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